Sociology 699J: Surveys in Developing Countries

Water Pollution, Sanitation, and Hygiene

Why study water pollution?

• Water quality as an IV affecting health outcomes
• Water use and collection as a socially structured household activity
• Class, caste, and santitation

Water pollution

• Examples in surveys
• HDPI-1
• UP-Bihar LSMS
• LSMS: housing & environment module
• Proposed synthesis
• Coverage
• types of supply
• within vs. outside household
• multiple sources in one household
• seasonal variability
• different uses: drinking, washing, and bathing
• Other
• Water Quality: tests
• Types of tests
• Fecal coliform
• Arsenic
• Nitrates
• Flourides
• Other
• Technical training required
• Costs
• Where measured
• Inside household
• At outlet (if public tap)
• At source
• Price and affordability
• Time spent in fetching
• How much time
• Who collects
• Storage within household
• Awareness of health role of water
• Village level measures?

Sanitation & hygiene

• Ratings of cleanliness
• Toilet facilities
• men, women, and children
• cleanliness
• Who cleans the latrines/toilets?
• Hygiene behavior
• washing hands
• disposal of garbage
• animal sheds

net topic: Marital and fertility histories
last topic: Air pollution & fuel use
return to: list of topics