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Crop data sources:

The primary source for crop data since 1966 has been the monthly publication, Agricultural Situation in India. For 1955-1965, the primary source was the two volumes of the all-India publication, Area and Production of Principal Crops, 1955-1965. These sources have several limitations:

• Districtwise data for several of the smaller crops are not reported until more recent years (see table below). Although these crops account for a small percentage of the total crop area, they tend to be unevenly distributed across India and have high value per tonne. Excluding these crops therefore distorts the estimates of total value of production for some districts (e.g., in Kerala where spices, coconuts, and tapioca are important). For other crops, such as most fruits and vegetables, full districtwise area and production data have never been published.

• Small millets (506) and other pulses (511) have not been reported in Agricultural Situation in India since 1965-66.

• The eleven cereals and pulses (501-511) are not reported for 1968-69 and 1969-70.

• Printing errors sometimes produce major discrepancies between a published state total and the sum of the districts within the state.

• Data for some states are not reported for some crops in some years. Similarly, when states were late in reporting crop data, the Agricultural Situtation in India sometimes merely repeats the previous year's data.

• Since about 1971/72, Agricultural Situation in India only reports "final estimates" of area and production. These estimates are often revised substantially as more complete data become available. Consequently, there can be discrepancies between the data in Agricultural Situation in India and the revised data reported in other sources (e.g., in state season and crop reports or in the all-India statewise Estimates of Area and Production of Principal Crops in India). The status of the revision ("final", "partially revised", or "fully revised") is recorded in a data field on each record (see data format below).

• For oilseeds (#513, 514, 515, 516, 573) in Uttar Pradesh, no districtwise breakdown is reported since these oilseeds are often sown mixed together with other crops. Rough district estimates have been calculated based on the published annual state totals divided into districts according to the total crop production for each U.P. district. These estimates are useful only for calculating total crop production; separate analyses of oilseeds should exclude U.P.

Where possible, other sources such as state season and crop reports have been used to resolve these problems. This is a continuing process and eventually we hope to replace as much of the data as possible with fully revised data. However, at least temporarily, missing or erroneous data have been estimated from the most readily available sources. The nature of the estimate is recorded in the appropriate field on every record (see data format below). Estimates were made using the following methods (in order of their preference):

1. Districtwise area data were taken from Indian Agricultural Statistics (or occasionally from Agricultural Situation in India) while production data was estimated from statewise yields as reported for that crop in that year in Area and Production of Principal Crops in India. When possible these statewise yields were further adjusted for each district by the ratio of districtwise to state yields for that crop in adjacent years.

2. State area and production data were taken from Area and Production of Principal Crops in India (or occasionally from Agricultural Situation in India) and districtwise data were estimated from the average of districtwise distributions in two adjacent years.

3. Where no statewise data were available for a crop, estimates were computed based on the nearest available (base) year, adjusted for ratios of total crop area and production (#581) in the estimated year and the base year.

0408 (Karbi Anglong/Mikir Hills & North Cachar Hills:

Total area jumps from 85 thousand hectares to 144 thousand hectares and remains at that level, suggesting new areas were brought under the survey.

05 20 Darbhanga

Winter production in Agricultural Situation in India is reported as 11,25,631; this would be a factor of 10 greater than in the past or later; it was changed to 1,25,631.

05 21 Purnea

Winter production in Agricultural Situation in India is reported as 47,968 this would be several times less than in the past or later and would imply far lower yields than in neighbouring districts; it was changed to 1,47,968.

The following table describes the principal source for each crop for each year of data. However, occasionally, data for some states comes from a different source. Complete details of the source of all crops is given in the data records (see the section on crop formats below). Source codes:

• J = Agricultural Situation in India

• D = Area and Production of Principal Crops in India, 1956-1965, vol. 2.

• I = area from Indian Agricultural Statistics; production estimated from statewise yields in Area and Production of Principal Crops in India.

• i = area from Indian Agricultural Statistics; production estimated from yields of later years.

• C = area and production estimated from statewise data in Area and Production of Principal Crops in India; within each state, districts are estimated from districtwise proportions in later years.

• P = area and production projected from later or earlier years.

• X = not estimated.

                    ------------------ year -------------------
                    6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8
                    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
  
   501 rice         D D D D D J J J I I J J J J J J J J J J J J
   502 jowar        D D D D D J J J I I J J J J J J J J J J J J
   503 bajra        D D D D D J J J I I J J J J J J J J J J J J
   504 maize        D D D D D J J J I I J J J J J J J J J J J J
   505 ragi         D D D D D J J J I I J J J J J J J J J J J J
   506 sm millets   D D D D D J I I I I I I I I C C C C C C C C
   507 wheat        D D D D D J J J I I J J J J J J J J J J J J
   508 barley       D D D D D J J J I I J J J J J J J J J J J J
   509 gram         D D D D D J J J I I J J J J J J J J J J J J
   510 potato       D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   510 tur          D D D D D J J J I I J J J J J J J J J J J J
   511 othr pulse   D D D D D J I I I I I I I I C C C C C C C C
   512 groundnut    D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   513 castorseed   D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   514 sesamum      D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   515 rapeseed     D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   516 linseed      D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   517 cotton       D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   518 jute         D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   519 mesta        D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   521 sugar        D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   522 chili        D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   523 ginger       D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   524 tobacco      D D D D D J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   525 bl pepper    C I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   526 coconut      C I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   527 turmeric     C I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   528 sannhemp     C I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   530 guarseed     P P P C C J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   531 tapioca      C I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   532 arecanut     C I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   533 banana       C I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   534 coriander    P P P P P i i i i J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   535 cardamom     C I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J J J J
   536 safflower    P i i i i I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J J J
   537 nigerseed    P i i i I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J
   538 swt potato   C I I I I I I I I I I I I I J J J J J J J J
   539 garlic       P P P P P i i i i i i i i i J J J J J J J J
   540 sunflower    X X X X X X X X X X X X C C C C C C C C J J
   541 onion        P i i i i i i i i i i i i P P P P P C J J J
   542 soya         X X X X X X X X X X X C C C C C C C C C C C J
  
                    6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8
                    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3
  

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